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Mátyás Rákosi
Mátyás Rákosi (:ˈmaːcaːʃ ˈraːkoʃi) (9 March 1892〔(Gábor Murányi )〕〔(Mátyás Rákosi – Encyclopedia.com )〕 – 5 February 1971〔(Matyas Rakosi – History of 1956 )〕) was a Hungarian communist politician. He was born Mátyás Rosenfeld in Ada (in present-day Serbia). He was the leader of Hungary's Communist Party from 1945 to 1956〔(Matyas Rakosi – Britannica Online Encyclopedia )〕 — first as General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party (1945–1948) and later holding the same post with the Hungarian Working People's Party (1948–1956). As such, from 1949 to 1956, he was the ''de facto'' ruler of Communist Hungary.〔Bertényi Iván – Gyapai Gábor: Magyarország rövid története (Maecenas, 2001, in Hungarian)〕 His rule was aligned with USSR politics during Joseph Stalin's government.〔(Hungary :: The Revolution of 1956 – Britannica Online Encyclopedia )〕 American journalist John Gunther described Rákosi as "the most malevolent character I ever met in political life."
==Early years==
Rákosi was born in Ada, then a village in Bács-Bodrog County〔 in Austria-Hungary), now a town in Vojvodina, Serbia. Born into a Jewish family, the fourth son of a grocer (his mother would give birth to seven more children),〔 he later repudiated religion and totally repudiated Judaism.
He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War and was captured on the Eastern Front. After returning to Hungary, he participated in the communist government of Béla Kun; after its fall he fled, eventually to the Soviet Union where he worked as part of the Communist International, including representing it at the Livorno congress of the Italian Socialist Party.〔Fernbach, D. 'Introduction', ''In The Footsteps of Rosa Luxemburg'', Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2012; pg.16〕 After returning to Hungary in 1924 he was imprisoned, and was released to the Soviet Union in 1940, in exchange for the Hungarian revolutionary banners captured by the Russian troops at Világos in 1849.〔(Mátyás Rákosi )〕 In the Soviet Union, he became leader of the Comintern. He returned to Debrecen, Hungary, on 30 January 1945, sent by Soviet leadership, to organize the Communist Party.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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